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Face, Communication and Social Interaction
Francesca Bargiela-Chiappini, Michael Haugh
It is an enduring theme of humanity that people are concerned about what others think of them. The notion of face has thus become firmly established as a means of explaining various social phenomena in a range of fields within the social sciences, including anthropology, pragmatics, sociolinguistics... Read more
Published: 2009
Pages: 344
eBook: 9781845532918
It is an enduring theme of humanity that people are concerned about what others think of them. The notion of face has thus become firmly established as a means of explaining various social phenomena in a range of fields within the social sciences, including anthropology, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and psychology. Yet face has also become increasingly entrenched in the literature as a kind of pre-existing sociocultural construct. This book offers an alternative in focusing on the ways in which face is both constituted in and constitutive of social interaction, and its relationship to self, identity and broader sociocultural expectations. There are three main themes explored in this volume. Part I, 'Face in interaction', encompasses contributions that deal with face as it emerges in interaction in various institutional and non-institutional settings. In Part II, the relationship between self, identity and face is investigated in the context of interpersonal communication. The final part considers various approaches to establishing links between individual interactions (the so-called micro) and broader sociocultural expectations or 'norms' that interactants bring into interactions (the so-called macro).
| Cover | Cover | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | v | ||
| Foreword | xi | ||
| Chapter 1 | 1 | ||
| 1.1. The rise of face in research on communication andsocial interaction | 1 | ||
| 1.2. Face as co-constituted in and constitutive of interaction | 5 | ||
| 1.3. Overview of the volume | 16 | ||
| Endnotes | 24 | ||
| References | 24 | ||
| Part I: Face in interaction | 31 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 33 | ||
| 2.1. Goffman’s conceptualisations of face and facework | 34 | ||
| 2.2. Problems in Goffman’s explanation | 37 | ||
| 2.3. An alternative explanation of face and facework | 40 | ||
| 2.4. Two contrasting explanations of facework | 46 | ||
| Endnotes | 52 | ||
| References | 52 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 55 | ||
| 3.1. Introduction | 55 | ||
| 3.2. The notions of face and facework | 57 | ||
| 3.3. Methods and background | 61 | ||
| 3.4. Analysis | 62 | ||
| 3.5. Discussion | 70 | ||
| 3.6. Conclusion | 72 | ||
| Grammatical gloss | 73 | ||
| Endnotes | 73 | ||
| References | 74 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 78 | ||
| 4.1. Introduction | 78 | ||
| 4.2. Face in Japanese | 79 | ||
| 4.3. Methodology | 81 | ||
| 4.4. Finding face in intercultural business meetings | 83 | ||
| 4.5. Implications | 91 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 92 | ||
| Endnotes | 93 | ||
| References | 93 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 96 | ||
| 5.1. Introduction | 96 | ||
| 5.2. The data | 98 | ||
| 5.3. The ‘double-face’ of the media | 99 | ||
| 5.4. Approaches to political interviews and face-saving | 100 | ||
| 5.5. Linguistic avoidance and related concepts | 102 | ||
| 5.6. Linguistic avoidance as political face-saving strategy | 103 | ||
| 5.7. Conclusion | 111 | ||
| Endnotes | 112 | ||
| References | 113 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 115 | ||
| 6.1. Introduction | 115 | ||
| 6.2. The concept of face in the literature | 116 | ||
| 6.3. Face in Iranian culture | 117 | ||
| 6.4. The principles of Persian politeness | 120 | ||
| 6.5. Conclusion | 130 | ||
| Endnotes | 131 | ||
| References | 132 | ||
| Part II: Face, identity and self | 135 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 137 | ||
| 7.1. Introduction | 137 | ||
| 7.2. Theories of identity | 138 | ||
| 7.3. Research procedure | 142 | ||
| 7.4. An action-oriented identity approach to the analysis of face | 144 | ||
| 7.5. Research implications | 152 | ||
| 7.6. Concluding comments | 152 | ||
| Endnotes | 153 | ||
| References | 153 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 155 | ||
| 8.1. Introduction | 155 | ||
| 8.2. Face as ‘social frame’ and self-presentation | 156 | ||
| 8.3. Data collection and ‘face’ idioms in Turkish | 161 | ||
| 8.4. Self-presentation and other-presentation | 163 | ||
| 8.5. Concluding remarks | 171 | ||
| Morphological Glossary | 172 | ||
| Endnotes | 172 | ||
| References | 173 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 175 | ||
| 9.1. Introduction | 175 | ||
| 9.2. Data | 176 | ||
| 9.3. Findings and discussion | 177 | ||
| 9.4. Conclusion | 187 | ||
| References | 189 | ||
| Appendix: Survey of mian zi and lian | 191 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 192 | ||
| 10.1. Face and facework | 192 | ||
| 10.2. Facework and linguistic politeness | 193 | ||
| 10.3. Facework and interpersonal variables | 195 | ||
| 10.4. Individual and cultural differences | 200 | ||
| 10.5. Conclusion | 203 | ||
| References | 204 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 208 | ||
| 11.1. Introduction | 208 | ||
| 11.2. Saving the face | 211 | ||
| 11.3. The face of ambiguity | 216 | ||
| 11.4. Trauma’s many faces | 220 | ||
| 11.5. Conclusion | 221 | ||
| Endnotes | 222 | ||
| References | 223 | ||
| Part III: Face, norms and society | 225 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 227 | ||
| 12.1. Intercultural facework approaches | 228 | ||
| 12.2. Intercultural facework: expectancies and collisions | 235 | ||
| 12.3. Intercultural facework expectancies: research directions | 242 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 246 | ||
| References | 246 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 250 | ||
| 13.1. Introduction | 250 | ||
| 13.2. The holistic worldview and cognitive relativity | 251 | ||
| 13.3. Characteristics of face and facework in the holistic and relativistic society | 252 | ||
| Endnotes | 267 | ||
| References | 267 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 269 | ||
| 14.1. Introducing the players | 269 | ||
| 14.2. Face and the interplay between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft | 275 | ||
| 14.3. Concluding remarks | 283 | ||
| Endnotes | 284 | ||
| References | 284 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 289 | ||
| 15.1. Introduction | 289 | ||
| 15.2. The Thai concept of ‘face’ | 290 | ||
| 15.3. The relationship of face to shame | 292 | ||
| 15.4. The relationship of face to politeness | 293 | ||
| 15.5. Politeness strategies | 294 | ||
| 15.6. Shame as the effect of loss of ‘face’ | 298 | ||
| 15.7. Conclusion | 304 | ||
| References | 304 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 307 | ||
| 16.1. Facing the future: some reflections | 307 | ||
| 16.2. ‘Culture’ as a determinant of face? A concept lost in debate | 309 | ||
| 16.3. Face and understanding the ‘other’: an interpretative dialogue | 315 | ||
| 16.4. Facing the ‘Other’: a methodological note | 318 | ||
| References | 323 | ||
| Contributors | 328 | ||
| Index | 330 |